Reading and Resources
Resources
American Diabetes Association (ADA). Summary of the ADA type 1 diabetes screening & awareness roundtable.
https://diabetes.org/sites/default/files/2024-04/ADA-T1D-Screening-and-Awareness-Roundtable-Report.pdf
TrialNet: Resources for Healthcare Providers
https://www.trialnet.org/healthcare-providers
Breakthrough T1D (formerly JDRF). Information on T1D clinical trials
https://www.breakthrought1d.org/clinical-trials/
University of Colorado – Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes. Ask the experts for early T1D answers and guidance
https://www.asktheexperts.org/
Breakthrough T1D (formerly JDRF). Information on early T1D detection.
https://www.breakthrought1d.org/early-detection/
TrialNet. Resources for T1D screening and national T1D screening program.
https://www.trialnet.org/
ASK (Autoimmunity Screening for Kids). T1D screening program.
https://www.askhealth.org/
PLEDGE (Population Level Estimate of type 1 Diabetes risk Genes in Children). T1D screening program at Sanford Health in South Dakota.
https://research.sanfordhealth.org/fields-of-research/diabetes/pledge
CASCADE Research Study. T1D screening program at Pacific Northwest Research Institute in Washington.
https://cascadekids.org/
stopT1D
https://mlgcme.com/stopt1d
Suggested Reading Materials
- American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes. 2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes – 2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(suppl 1):S27-S49. https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/48/Supplement_1/S27/157566/2-Diagnosis-and-Classification-of-Diabetes
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes. 3. Prevention or delay of diabetes and associated comorbidities: standards of care in diabetes – 2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(suppl 1):S50-S60.
- Gitelman SE, Simmons K, Sherr JL, et al. Safety and pharmacokinetics of teplizumab in children less than 8 years of age with stage 2 type 1 diabetes. 2026;69:330-342. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00125-025-06586-1
- Haller MJ, Bell KJ, Besser RE. ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2024: screening, staging, and strategies to preserve beta cell function in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Horm Res Paediatr. 2024;97:529-545.
- Herold KC, Bundy BN, Long SA, et al. An anti-CD3 antibody, teplizumab, in relatives at risk for type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:603-613. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1902226
- Herold KC, Gitelman SE, Gottlieb PA, et al. Teplizumab: a disease-modifying therapy for type 1 diabetes that preserves β-cell function. Diabetes Care. 2023;46:1848-1856. https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/46/10/1848/153536/Teplizumab-A-Disease-Modifying-Therapy-for-Type-1
- Insel RA, Dunne JL, Atkinson MA, et al. Staging presymptomatic type 1 diabetes: a scientific statement of JDRF, the Endocrine Society, and the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2015;38:1964-1974. https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/38/10/1964/37704/Staging-Presymptomatic-Type-1-Diabetes-A
- Jacobsen LM, Schatz D. Immunotherapy-based strategies for treatment of type 1 diabetes. Hormone Res Paediatr. 2025;98(4):425-434. https://karger.com/hrp/article/98/4/425/914841/Immunotherapy-Based-Strategies-for-Treatment-of
- Jeyam A, Colhoun H, McGurnaghan S, et al. Clinical impact of residual C-peptide secretion in type 1 diabetes on glycemia and microvascular complications. Diabetes Care. 2021;44:390-398. https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article-abstract/44/2/390/35493/Clinical-Impact-of-Residual-C-Peptide-Secretion-in?redirectedFrom=fulltext
- Karakus KE, Chesshir L, Walker S, et al. Teplizumab treatment for stage 2 type 1 diabetes: a real-world evaluation of metabolic and immunological outcomes. Diabetologia. 2026;69:1164-1175. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00125-025-06646-6
- Latres E, Greenbaum CJ, Oyaski ML, et al. Evidence for C-peptide as a validated surrogate to predict clinical benefits in trials of disease-modifying therapies for type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2024;73.6:823-833. https://diabetesjournals.org/diabetes/article-abstract/73/6/823/154235/Evidence-for-C-Peptide-as-a-Validated-Surrogate-to?redirectedFrom=fulltext
- Leslie RD, Evans-Molina C, Freund-Brown J, et al. Adult-onset type 1 diabetes: current understanding and challenges. Diabetes Care. 2021;44:2449-2456. https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/44/11/2449/138477/Adult-Onset-Type-1-Diabetes-Current-Understanding
- Mahesh S, Anson M, Malik RA, et al. Real-world evaluation of teplizumab in type 1 diabetes: progression to insulin requirement. Diabetes Obs Metab. 2026;28:2425-2430. https://dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com/doi/10.1111/dom.70354
- Mehta S, Ryabets-Lienhard A, Patel N, et al. Pediatric Endocrine Society statement on considerations for use of teplizumab (Tzield™) in clinical practice. Horm Res Paediatr. 2024;1663-2826. https://karger.com/hrp/article/doi/10.1159/000538775/906682/Pediatric-Endocrine-Society-Statement-on
- Michels AW, Brusko TM, Evans-Molina C, et al. Challenges and opportunities for understanding the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes: an Endocrine Society Scientific Statement. 2025;110:2496-2508. https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/110/9/2496/8190165
- O’Donnell HK, Simmons KM, Gitelman SE, et al. Real-world experience with teplizumab in stage 2 type 1 diabetes: a plain language summary. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2026;17:20420188261417154. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20420188261417154
- Philip M, Achenbach P, Addala A, et al. Consensus guidance for monitoring individuals with islet autoantibody-positive pre-stage 3 type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2024;47:1276-1298. https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/47/8/1276/156880/Consensus-Guidance-for-Monitoring-Individuals-With
- Ramos EL, Dayan CM, Chatenoud L, et al. Teplizumab and β-cell function in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2023;389:2151-2161. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2308743
- Rickels MR, Evans-Molina C, Bahnson HT, et al. High residual C-peptide likely contributes to glycemic control in type 1 diabetes. J Clin Invest. 2020;130:1850-1862. https://www.jci.org/articles/view/134057
- Simmons KM, Sims EK. Screening and prevention of type 1 diabetes: where are we? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;108:3067-3079. https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-abstract/108/12/3067/7192350
- Sims EK, Besser REJ, Dayan C, et al. Screening for type 1 diabetes in the general population: a status report and perspective. Diabetes. 2022;71:610-623. https://diabetesjournals.org/diabetes/article/71/4/610/144874/Screening-for-Type-1-Diabetes-in-the-General
- Taylor PN, Collins KS, Lam A, et al. C-peptide and metabolic outcomes in trials of disease modifying therapy in new-onset type 1 diabetes: an individual participant meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023;11:915-925. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(23)00267-X/fulltext
- Vinay ES, Laxmi Narsimha Rao B, Saf N, et al. C-peptide in precision diabetes care and beyond: a comprehensive review. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes. 2026;19: 11795514251397811. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/11795514251397811
